Arcuate Fasciculus Microstructure Predicts Alcohol Dependence Risk through Higher IQ

Abstract

IQ has been found to correlate with alcohol consumption, with a higher IQ being a risk for alcohol misuse. Furthermore, recent research has shown that the microstructure of the arcuate fasciculus is associated with IQ. This study therefore aimed to examine the association between the arcuate fasciculus microstructure, IQ, and alcohol dependence risk. In this study, we performed probabilistic tractography between Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas in the left and right hemispheres to examine the association of the arcuate fasciculus’s integrity with IQ and alcohol dependence risk, using DTI data from 344 individuals. Data regarding IQ were obtained from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI-II). Alcohol substance involvement (SI) score was derived using the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Quick Screen and was used as an index for alcohol dependence risk. Both the left arcuate fasciculus and IQ were found to have a significant association with alcohol dependence risk. A mediation analysis revealed that this association between the left arcuate fasciculus microstructure and an alcohol dependence risk was mediated by IQ. It is suggested that the left arcuate fasciculus microstructure is associated with IQ which is associated with alcohol dependence risk. While alcohol consumption is known to be robustly toxic to the brain, the left arcuate fasciculus shows exceptional characteristics in which its microstructure integrity is positively associated with an alcohol dependence risk through higher IQ. Clinical implications are discussed.

Keywords

• arcuate fasciculus
• IQ
• alcohol dependence risk
• diffusion tensor imaging
• tractography