International Journal of Nanomedicine (Oct 2022)
Exosomes and Exosomal Cargos: A Promising World for Ventricular Remodeling Following Myocardial Infarction
Abstract
Jiacheng Fang, Yuxuan Zhang, Delong Chen, Yiyue Zheng, Jun Jiang Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jun Jiang, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 135 8870 6891, Email [email protected]: Exosomes are a pluripotent group of extracellular nanovesicles secreted by all cells that mediate intercellular communications. The effective information within exosomes is primarily reflected in exosomal cargos, including proteins, lipids, DNAs, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), the most intensively studied molecules. Cardiac resident cells (cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells) and foreign cells (infiltrated immune cells, cardiac progenitor cells, cardiosphere-derived cells, and mesenchymal stem cells) are involved in the progress of ventricular remodeling (VR) following myocardial infarction (MI) via transferring exosomes into target cells. Here, we summarize the pathological mechanisms of VR following MI, including cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, pyroptosis, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, and metabolic disorders, and the roles of exosomal cargos in these processes, with a focus on proteins and ncRNAs. Continued research in this field reveals a novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for VR.Keywords: exosomes, ventricular remodeling, extracellular vesicles, heart failure, microRNAs, myocardial infarction
