Российский офтальмологический журнал (Oct 2024)
Clinical manifestations and effectiveness of therapy for eye allergy and dry eye syndrome
Abstract
Ocular allergies are a group of diseases that affect the surface of the eye and are usually accompanied by type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. Purpose: to evaluate the clinical manifestations of allergic conjunctivitis and compare the effectiveness and comfort of using epinastine 0.05 % and olopatadine 0.2 % in its treatment. Material and methods. The comparative study involved 106 people: 45 female students (42.4 %) and 61 male students (57.5 %), divided into 2 groups. Group I (64 people, 128 eyes) with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) received olopatadine 0.2 %, 1 drop twice a day for 30 days, Group II (42 people, 84 eyes) with atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) received epinastine 0.05 % (Epinepta®) 1 drop twice a day for 8 weeks. The condition of the ocular surface was assessed using the OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index), and the severity of allergic symptoms was assessed in points using the SCORAD index (scoring atopic dermatitis). The control group III consisted of 20 students with dry eye syndrome (DES) of mild severity (according to the OSDI index) caused by visual work on a computer, who used no medications at the time of the study. Results. After treatment, the decrease in mean OSDI and SCORAD scores was more pronounced in group II. Patients receiving epinastine 0.05 % reported significantly less ocular discomfort and itching than patients receiving the alternative drug (olopatadine 0.2 %). In both experimental groups, the Schirmer test showed a statistically significant increase in the volume of total tear production (p < 0.05) after the treatment, which was more pronounced in group II (Epinepta®). Conclusion. Epinastine 0.0 5% (Epinepta®) can effectively relieve the main symptoms of the disease due to its high affinity for histamine receptors, minimizing the risk of developing dry eye syndrome.
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