Objective: Herein, we aimed to determine the clinical efficacy of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) combined with glucocorticoids for treating immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).Methods: Clinical data of 87 patients with ITP admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment employed: 42 patients in the control group (CG) were prescribed glucocorticoids, and 45 patients in the study group (SG) received rhTPO combined with glucocorticoids.Results: The total effective treatment rate in the SG (95.56%) was higher than that in the CG (76.19%) (P 50 × 109/L faster and required fewer PLT transfusions than the CG (P 0.05).Conclusion: rhTPO combined with glucocorticoids for treating ITP can effectively enhance the therapeutic effect, regulate the T lymphocyte subpopulation, rapidly increase the PLT level, and induce no significant effect on the coagulation function of patients, with good safety and high clinical promotion value.