在真实世界研究中深度学习算法在糖尿病视网膜病变诊断中的分层分析

Abstract

Abstract Background The aim of our research was to prospectively explore the clinical value of a deep learning algorithm (DLA) to detect referable diabetic retinopathy (DR) in different subgroups stratified by types of diabetes, blood pressure, sex, BMI, age, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), diabetes duration, urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at a real‐world diabetes center in China. Methods A total of 1147 diabetic patients from Shanghai General Hospital were recruited from October 2018 to August 2019. Retinal fundus images were graded by the DLA, and the detection of referable DR (moderate nonproliferative DR or worse) was compared with a reference standard generated by one certified retinal specialist with more than 12 years of experience. The performance of DLA across different subgroups stratified by types of diabetes, blood pressure, sex, BMI, age, HbA1c, diabetes duration, UACR, and eGFR was evaluated. Results For all 1674 gradable images, the area under the receiver operating curve, sensitivity, and specificity of the DLA for referable DR were 0.942 (95% CI, 0.920‐0.964), 85.1% (95% CI, 83.4%‐86.8%), and 95.6% (95% CI, 94.6%‐96.6%), respectively. The DLA showed consistent performance across most subgroups, while it showed superior performance in the subgroups of patients with type 1 diabetes, UACR ≥ 30 mg/g, and eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73m2. Conclusions This study showed that the DLA was a reliable alternative method for the detection of referable DR and performed superior in patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy who were prone to DR.

Keywords

• 深度学习算法
• 糖尿病视网膜病变
• 可参考DR
• 视网膜眼底图像