A Laser Reduced Graphene Oxide Grid Electrode for the Voltammetric Determination of Carbaryl
Muhammad Saqib,
Elena V. Dorozhko,
Jiri Barek,
Vlastimil Vyskocil,
Elena I. Korotkova,
Anastasiia V. Shabalina
Affiliations
Muhammad Saqib
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
Elena V. Dorozhko
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
Jiri Barek
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
Vlastimil Vyskocil
UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
Elena I. Korotkova
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
Anastasiia V. Shabalina
Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Method of Analysis, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
Laser-reduced graphene oxide (LRGO) on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate was prepared in one step to obtain the LRGO grid electrode for sensitive carbaryl determination. The grid form results in a grid distribution of different electrochemically active zones affecting the electroactive substance diffusion towards the electrode surface and increasing the electrochemical sensitivity for carbaryl determination. Carbaryl is electrochemically irreversibly oxidized at the secondary amine moiety of the molecule with the loss of one proton and one electron in the pH range from 5 to 7 by linear scan voltammetry (LSV) on the LRGO grid electrode with a scan rate of 300 mV/s. Some interference of the juice matrix molecules does not significantly affect the LSV oxidation current of carbaryl on the LRGO grid electrode after adsorptive accumulation without applied potential. The LRGO grid electrode can be used for LSV determination of carbaryl in fruit juices in the concentration range from 0.25 to 128 mg/L with LOD of 0.1 mg/L. The fabrication of the LRGO grid electrode opens up possibilities for further inexpensive monitoring of carbaryl in other fruit juices and fruits
