The contribution of smoking-attributable mortality to differences in mortality and life expectancy among US African-American and white adults, 2000-2019

Abstract

Background: The role of smoking in racial disparities in mortality and life expectancy in the United States has been examined previously, but up-to-date estimates are generally unavailable, even though smoking prevalence has declined in recent decades. Objective: We estimate the contribution of smoking-attributable mortality to observed differences in mortality and life expectancy for US African-American and white adults from 2000-2019. Methods: The indirect Preston-Glei-Wilmoth method was used with national vital statistics and population data and nationally representative never-smoker lung cancer death rates to estimate the smoking-attributable fraction (SAF) of deaths in the United States by sex-race group from 2000-2019. Mortality rates without smoking-attributable mortality were used to estimate life expectancy at age 50 (e_50) by group during the period. Results: African-American men had the highest estimated SAF during the period, beginning at 26.4Š (95Š CI:25.0Š-27.8Š) in 2000 and ending at 12.1Š (95Š CI:11.4Š-12.8Š) in 2019. The proportion of the difference in e_50 for white and African-American men that was due to smoking decreased from 27.7Š to 14.8Š. For African-American and white women, the estimated differences in e_50 without smoking-attributable mortality were similar to observed differences. Conclusions: Smoking continues to contribute to racial disparities in mortality and life expectancy among men in the United States. Contribution: We present updated estimates of the contribution of smoking to mortality differences in the United States using nationally representative data sources.

Keywords

• african americans
• disparities
• life expectancy
• mortality
• smoking