Shape Dental Anomalies in Children and Their Implications on Permanent Successor Teeth: A Literature Review

Abstract

Background: Dental anomalies of shape are developmental and morphological alterations in teeth resulting from genetic and/or environmental factors. Such anomalies may lead to compromised esthetics and function, dental caries, malocclusion, and periodontal problems. Additionally, a close interrelationship has been observed between dental anomalies of primary and permanent successor teeth. Aim: To study the prevalence and presentation of dental anomalies of shape in 2–5-year-old nonsyndromic children and observe its effect, if any, on successor teeth. Methods: The literature was searched independently by three reviewers for primary double teeth (PDT), fusion, gemination, talon cusp, dens invaginatus, taurodontism, and dilaceration, using the “PubMed” database for articles published between the years 2000 and 2018. Results: Of the 591 articles retrieved, 48 articles (41 case reports/case studies and seven observational studies) were selected. The prevalence of shape dental anomalies ranged from 1.8 to 4%. Fusion was the most common anomaly. Around 71% of the involved teeth had associated dental problems, and in 29% of cases, permanent successor teeth were affected. Conclusion: The results confirmed the clinical importance of these anomalies and observed a close association between dental anomalies of primary teeth and permanent successor teeth. Dental anomalies, even in this age-group, must be viewed seriously. A radiographic examination is recommended for early detection and an appropriate treatment plan.

Keywords

• children
• dental anomalies
• permanent dentition
• primary dentition