Urban Density and Land Leverage: Market Value Breakdown for Energy-Efficient Assets

Abstract

A real estate asset comprises land and improvements. The proportions of these components vary over time and across locations. Notably, the land value component is consistent over time, unaffected by depreciation. Consequently, the weight of land value in determining the overall asset value is crucial, particularly in those improvements that are highly sensitive to depreciation, such as energy-efficient buildings. While several studies have explored the relationship between energy-efficient building consumption and urban density, there is currently a research gap concerning the relationship between land value and the value of efficient improvements built on it. Before investigating this potential relationship, it is imperative to preliminary examine any possible correlations between land values and land density. To verify this correlation, we captured the “Land Leverage” of a real estate property by calculating the ratio between the value of the land and the total value of the real estate property and correlating it with the allowable density. Our analysis of the Land Leverage (LL) trend in a restricted development area over a ten-year period demonstrates that LL increases with the level of permitted density in a neighborhood. This evidence will serve as the foundation to verify whether Land leverage, through urban-densification strategies, might be a pivotal factor in driving the values of energy-efficient assets.

Keywords

• real estate values
• urban density
• land leverage
• sustainable indicators
• energy-efficient building
• depreciated replacement cost