Polymer-Supported Poly(Ethylene Glycol) as a Phase-Transfer Catalyst for Cross-Aldol Condensation of Isobutyroaldehyde and Formaldehyde

Abstract

Immobilized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 600-PS) was used as an effective phase-transfer catalyst for the synthesis of hydroxypivaldehyde from isobutyraldehyde (IBA) and formaldehyde in the presence of an inorganic base. Studies on the influence of the parameters on the course of the reaction in a batch reactor showed that the use of the PEG 600-PS catalyst allowed one to obtain HPA with high efficiency (IBA conversion >96%, selectivity >98%) in a relatively short time and under mild conditions (2 h, 40 °C). The developed method enables easy separation of the post-reaction mixture by simple phase separation, and the immobilized catalyst can be separated by filtration and then used five times without a loss in its activity. The high activity and stability of the catalyst was also confirmed in a test carried out in a flow reactor.

Keywords

• hydroxypivaldehyde
• cross-aldol condensation
• isobutyraldehyde
• formaldehyde
• phase-transfer catalyst
• poly(ethylene glycol)