Changes in Cardiovascular and Renal Biomarkers Associated with SGLT2 Inhibitors Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Melpomeni Peppa,
Aspasia Manta,
Ioanna Mavroeidi,
Athina Asimakopoulou,
Alexandros Syrigos,
Constantinos Nastos,
Emmanouil Pikoulis,
Anastasios Kollias
Affiliations
Melpomeni Peppa
Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece
Aspasia Manta
Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece
Ioanna Mavroeidi
Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece
Athina Asimakopoulou
3rd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
Alexandros Syrigos
3rd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
Constantinos Nastos
3rd Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece
Emmanouil Pikoulis
3rd Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece
Anastasios Kollias
3rd Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major health problem worldwide with a steadily increasing prevalence reaching epidemic proportions. The major concern is the increased morbidity and mortality due to diabetic complications. Traditional but also nontraditional risk factors have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Hyperglycemia has been considered an important risk factor, and the strict glycemic control can have a positive impact on microangiopathy but not macroangiopathy and its related morbidity and mortality. Thus, the therapeutic algorithm has shifted focus from a glucose-centered approach to a strategy that now emphasizes target-organ protection. Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors is an extremely important class of antidiabetic medications that, in addition to their glucose lowering effect, also exhibit cardio- and renoprotective effects. Various established and novel biomarkers have been described, reflecting kidney and cardiovascular function. In this review, we investigated the changes in established but also novel biomarkers of kidney, heart and vascular function associated with sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
