Evaluation of Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Properties of a Fluorinated Diamond-Like Carbon Coating for the Development of Antibacterial Medical Implants
Katsutaka Yonezawa,
Masahito Kawaguchi,
Ayumi Kaneuji,
Toru Ichiseki,
Yoshitsugu Iinuma,
Kae Kawamura,
Kazuhiro Shintani,
Shinobu Oda,
Makoto Taki,
Norio Kawahara
Affiliations
Katsutaka Yonezawa
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahokugun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
Masahito Kawaguchi
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahokugun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
Ayumi Kaneuji
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahokugun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
Toru Ichiseki
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahokugun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
Yoshitsugu Iinuma
Department of Infectious Diseases, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahokugun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
Kae Kawamura
Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahokugun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
Kazuhiro Shintani
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8501, Japan
Shinobu Oda
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8501, Japan
Makoto Taki
Department of Technology Research, Onward Giken Corporation, Wa-13 Yoshiwara, Nomi, Ishikawa 929-0111, Japan
Norio Kawahara
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahokugun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
Peri-implant infection is a serious complication in surgical procedures involving implants. We conducted an in vitro study to determine whether the use of a fluorinated diamond-like carbon (F-DLC) coating on a titanium alloy surface can prevent peri-implant infection. After applying the F-DLC, we evaluated its antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. The coating groups, containing controlled fluorine concentrations of 5.44%, 17.43%, 24.09%, and 30%, were examined for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli according to ISO 22196 for the measurement of antibacterial activity on plastics and other nonporous surfaces. Biological toxicity was evaluated using Chinese hamster V79 cells according to ISO 10993-5 for the biological evaluation of medical devices. In the control group, populations of S. aureus and E. coli substantially increased from 2.4 × 104 to (1.45 ± 1.11) × 106 colony-forming units (CFUs) and from 2.54 × 104 to (4.04 ± 0.44) × 106 CFUs, respectively. However, no bacteria colonies were detected in any F-DLC group with a fluorine concentration of ≥ 17.43%. In the biological toxicity study, an F-DLC coating with a fluorine concentration of 30% showed a colony formation rate of 105.8 ± 24.1%, which did not differ significantly from the colony formation rate of 107.5 ± 31.1% in the nontoxic control group. An F-DLC coating on titanium alloy discs showed excellent in vitro antibacterial activity with no biological toxicity.
