Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (Dec 2021)

Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Function: The 2-Year Longitudinal Changes in an Older Spanish Cohort

  • Stephanie K. Nishi,
  • Stephanie K. Nishi,
  • Stephanie K. Nishi,
  • Stephanie K. Nishi,
  • Stephanie K. Nishi,
  • Nancy Babio,
  • Nancy Babio,
  • Nancy Babio,
  • Nancy Babio,
  • Carlos Gómez-Martínez,
  • Carlos Gómez-Martínez,
  • Carlos Gómez-Martínez,
  • Miguel Ángel Martínez-González,
  • Miguel Ángel Martínez-González,
  • Miguel Ángel Martínez-González,
  • Emilio Ros,
  • Emilio Ros,
  • Dolores Corella,
  • Dolores Corella,
  • Olga Castañer,
  • Olga Castañer,
  • J. Alfredo Martínez,
  • J. Alfredo Martínez,
  • J. Alfredo Martínez,
  • Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez,
  • Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez,
  • Julia Wärnberg,
  • Julia Wärnberg,
  • Jesús Vioque,
  • Jesús Vioque,
  • Dora Romaguera,
  • Dora Romaguera,
  • José López-Miranda,
  • José López-Miranda,
  • Ramon Estruch,
  • Ramon Estruch,
  • Francisco J. Tinahones,
  • Francisco J. Tinahones,
  • José Lapetra,
  • José Lapetra,
  • J. Luís Serra-Majem,
  • J. Luís Serra-Majem,
  • Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas,
  • Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas,
  • Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas,
  • Josep A. Tur,
  • Josep A. Tur,
  • Vicente Martín Sánchez,
  • Vicente Martín Sánchez,
  • Xavier Pintó,
  • Xavier Pintó,
  • Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez,
  • Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez,
  • Pilar Matía-Martín,
  • Josep Vidal,
  • Josep Vidal,
  • Clotilde Vázquez,
  • Clotilde Vázquez,
  • Lidia Daimiel,
  • Cristina Razquin,
  • Cristina Razquin,
  • Oscar Coltell,
  • Oscar Coltell,
  • Nerea Becerra-Tomás,
  • Nerea Becerra-Tomás,
  • Nerea Becerra-Tomás,
  • Rafael De La Torre Fornell,
  • Rafael De La Torre Fornell,
  • Itziar Abete,
  • Itziar Abete,
  • Carolina Sorto-Sanchez,
  • Carolina Sorto-Sanchez,
  • Francisco Javier Barón-López,
  • Francisco Javier Barón-López,
  • Antonio José Signes-Pastor,
  • Antonio José Signes-Pastor,
  • Jadwiga Konieczna,
  • Jadwiga Konieczna,
  • Antonio Garcia-Rios,
  • Antonio Garcia-Rios,
  • Rosa Casas,
  • Rosa Casas,
  • Ana Maria Gomez-Perez,
  • Ana Maria Gomez-Perez,
  • José Manuel Santos-Lozano,
  • José Manuel Santos-Lozano,
  • Ana García-Arellano,
  • Ana García-Arellano,
  • Patricia Guillem-Saiz,
  • Patricia Guillem-Saiz,
  • Jiaqi Ni,
  • Jiaqi Ni,
  • Jiaqi Ni,
  • Maria Trinidad Soria-Florido,
  • M. Ángeles Zulet,
  • M. Ángeles Zulet,
  • Jessica Vaquero-Luna,
  • Jessica Vaquero-Luna,
  • Estefanía Toledo,
  • Estefanía Toledo,
  • Montserrat Fitó,
  • Montserrat Fitó,
  • Jordi Salas-Salvadó,
  • Jordi Salas-Salvadó,
  • Jordi Salas-Salvadó,
  • Jordi Salas-Salvadó

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.782067
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13

Abstract

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Background and Aims: Plant-forward dietary patterns have been associated with cardiometabolic health benefits, which, in turn, have been related to cognitive performance with inconsistent findings. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between baseline adherence to three a priori dietary patterns (Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets) with 2-year changes in cognitive performance in older adults with overweight or obesity and high cardiovascular disease risk.Methods: A prospective cohort analysis was conducted within the PREDIMED-Plus trial, involving 6,647 men and women aged 55–75 years with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome. Using a validated, semiquantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire completed at baseline, the dietary pattern adherence scores were calculated. An extensive neuropsychological test battery was administered at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were used to assess associations between 2-year changes in cognitive function z-scores across tertiles of baseline adherence to the a priori dietary patterns.Results: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet at baseline was associated with 2-year changes in the general cognitive screening Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE, β: 0.070; 95% CI: 0.014, 0.175, P-trend = 0.011), and two executive function-related assessments: the Trail Making Tests Part A (TMT-A, β: −0.054; 95% CI: −0.110, − 0.002, P-trend = 0.047) and Part B (TMT-B, β: −0.079; 95% CI: −0.134, −0.024, P-trend = 0.004). Adherence to the MIND diet was associated with the backward recall Digit Span Test assessment of working memory (DST-B, β: 0.058; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.114, P-trend = 0.045). However, higher adherence to the DASH dietary pattern was not associated with better cognitive function over a period of 2 years.Conclusion: In older Spanish individuals with overweight or obesity and at high cardiovascular disease risk, higher baseline adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern may be associated with better cognitive performance than lower adherence over a period of 2 years.

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