Передгірне та гірське землеробство і тваринництво (Jun 2023)
Reaction of long-leaved flax varieties tо different doses of mineral fertilizers in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe
Abstract
The effectiveness of the use of different backgrounds of mineral fertilizers in the technology of growing long-leaved flax in the soil and climatic conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe has been established, which will significantly increase the productivity of coenoses and improve product quality indicators. The agrotechnological parameters of cultivation and weather conditions significantly influenced the growth and development of crop plants, which affected the indicators of structure and productivity. The long-leaved flax varieties Miandr, Oberih (originator – Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences), Usivskyi (Institute of bast cultures of the NAAS), Ivanivskyi (NSC “Institute of Agriculture of the NAAS”) were studied on the variant without fertilizers and on the backgrounds of mineral fertilizer N20P40K60, N30P60K90, N45P90K135. During the years of research (2021–2022), fluctuations in hydrothermal indicators were noted, which affected the formation of elements of productivity of long-leaved flax varieties. The duration of the vegetation phases of long-leaved flax plants depended on both the biological characteristics of the variety and hydrothermal conditions. In 2021, depending on the variety, it was 90–95 days. In 2022, dry vegetation conditions with elevated air temperature led to the shortening of this period for all varieties to 78–81 days. More intense growth of plants in the “herringbone” phase was observed on the variants of applying mineral fertilizers, in particular, the height of plants of the Miandr variety, compared to unfertilized areas, increased from 6.88 to 8.96 cm, of the Oberih variety from 7.80 to 10.16 cm, Usivskyi – 8.32–8.80 cm, Ivanivskyi – 6.84–8.72 cm. The highest seed yield (1.21 t/ha) on average in 2021–2022 was obtained on sowings of the Miandr variety with the application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N45Р90К135, the increase compared to the control variant was 0.37 t/ha or 44.05 %. The specified fertilizer option also provided the highest yield of flax straw (4.15 t/ha). The increase compared to the control was 0.46 t/ha (12.47 %). Flax straw yield indicators on average for 2021–2022 were the most important in the Miandr variety, it varied from 3.69 t/ha (on the control version) to 4.15 t/ha (with the application of mineral fertilizers N45Р90К135).
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