Клинический разбор в общей медицине (Oct 2023)
Clinical and radiological features of cerebral venous thrombosis by the example of clinical cases
Abstract
Venous blood accounts for more than 80% of cerebral blood flow. At the same time, the incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis in patients with ischaemic stroke is only 3%. Cerebral venous thrombosis includes both sinus thrombosis and thrombosis of the cerebral veins themselves. The difficulty in diagnosing this condition may explain its low incidence. The clinical picture of cerebral venous thrombosis is similar to that of arterial infarction. Thrombosis of the cerebral sinuses can occur under the guise of a variety of conditions: subarachnoid haemorrhage, meningitis and even migraine or tension headache. It is therefore necessary to make a differential diagnosis between these nosologies. This article presents an analysis of cases of deep cerebral venous thrombosis and transverse sinus thrombosis. The analysis focuses on such features of the clinical picture as a pronounced hypertensive syndrome and the discrepancy between focal symptoms in cases of damage to the arterial and venous blood circulation areas. The results of x-ray computer and magnetic resonance tomography imaging are compared with literature data. In the case of transverse sinus lesions, blood testing for genetic and acquired hypercoagulability factors was performed. The article presents the results of the ultrasound examination of the cerebral veins, as well as an assessment of the dynamics of the patient's condition against the background of taking anticoagulant treatment for one year. After one year, magnetic resonance angiography showed recanalisation of the sinus. The cases presented highlight the need for more thorough investigation in patients with cerebral vascular pathology who present with an atypical clinical picture. It is essential that these investigations include a CT angiogram and a blood test to identify inherited and acquired thrombophilia factors.
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