Waste bio-tar based N-doped porous carbon for supercapacitors under dual activation: performance, mechanism, and assessment
Jixiu Jia,
Yuxuan Sun,
Zhidan Liu,
Ziyun Liu,
Lili Huo,
Kang Kang,
Yanan Zhao,
Lixin Zhao,
Teng Xie,
Maojiong Cao,
Zonglu Yao
Affiliations
Jixiu Jia
Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS
Yuxuan Sun
Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS
Zhidan Liu
Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University
Ziyun Liu
Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS
Lili Huo
Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS
Kang Kang
Biorefining Research Institute (BRI) and Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University
Yanan Zhao
Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS
Lixin Zhao
Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS
Teng Xie
Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS
Maojiong Cao
Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University
Zonglu Yao
Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS
Abstract Bio-tar extra-produced from biomass pyrolysis is prone to pose a threat to environment and human health. A novel N-doped porous electrode from bio-tar was produced under dual-activation of urea and KOH in this study. One-pot dual-activation played significant roles in N-functional group and micro-mesoporous structure, which resulted in the carbon material with the highest of nitrogen content (4.08%) and the special surface area (1298.26 m2·g−1). Specifically, the potential mechanisms of pore formation and N-doping in the one-pot dual-activation strategy were also proposed as a consequence, the one-pot dual-activated carbon material displayed excellent electrochemical performance with the highest capacitance of 309.5 F·g−1 at 0.5 A·g−1, and the unipolar specific capacitance remained with cyclic characteristics of 80.1% after 10,000 cycles in two-electrode symmetric system. Furthermore, the one-pot dual-activation strategy could create a profit of $1.64–$2.38 per kilogram of bio-tar processed without considering the initial investment and labor costs, which provides new perspectives for the utilization of waste bio-tar. Graphical Abstract
