An Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensing Interface Developed by The Laser‐Induced Graphene Electrode

Abstract

Abstract Laser‐inducing provides a cost‐effective, easily‐manufacturable, and environment‐friendly approach to directly transfer carbon‐rich polymers into graphene materials, which attracts attention from various fields, such as sensors, electrocatalysts, micro‐supercapacitors, etc. Laser‐induced graphene (LIG) benefits from the intrinsic properties of graphene, for example, high conductivity, high electroactivity, and high specific area. In this work the potential of laser‐induced graphene in constructing an enzymatic electrochemical biosensing interface is evaluated. Here, a laminar‐structured laser‐induced graphene material is fabricated by laser engraving with polyimide. After deposition of the electron mediator ferrocene, a conjugated enzyme complex of bovine serum albumin‐glucose oxidase (BSA‐GOx) is modified on the laser‐induced graphene by cross‐linking. The fabricated glucose oxidase/ferrocene/LIG (GOx/Fc/LIG) biosensor achieves high sensitivity of 11.3 µA mM−1 cm−2), wide linear range of 0–11 mM, and low detection of limit of 0.04 µM. The LIG electrodes exhibit high flexibility with bending angle as high as 60° without observed conductivity change. The repeatability and robustness of the developed LIG biosensor in detection of real serum samples empower it with great potential in clinical implementation in the future.

Keywords

• electrochemical biosensors
• enzymatic biosensors
• laser‐induced graphene
• sensing interface