Evaluation of Prenatal, Perinatal and Postnatal Outcomes and Imaging Modalities of Congenital Lung Malformations Diagnosed Prenatally: A Five-year Analysis in a Tertiary Center

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the antenatal, perinatal, and postnatal outcomes of congenital lung malformations (CLM) diagnosed prenatally. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study evaluating prenatally diagnosed CLMs. Prenatal findings such as diagnosis weeks, additional anomalies, karyotype results, and pregnancy outcomes of the cases were collected from the hospital digital record system. The data of the postnatal long-term course and outcomes of the cases were obtained by contacting the parents by telephone. Results: Forty-seven CLM cases were included in the study. 12.8% of the cases had structural anomalies. Chromosome analysis was performed on 8 (17%) cases and all of them had a normal karyotype. Forty-four (93.7%) cases had a live birth. 19.1% of the cases gave birth prematurely. The newborns had low APGAR scores (<7) at the 1st minute in 25.5% of the cases and at the 5th min in 12.8% of the cases. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was present in 28.9% of the newborns, and 15.6% of the cases were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Remission was achieved in 20 (48.8%) cases in the postnatal follow-up. Eight (19.5%) cases persisted, and 13 (31.7%) of all cases were operated. The compatibility of prenatal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging results with lesion types was 70.2%. Conclusion: While CLM cases mostly showed a favorable prognosis in the antenatal period, adverse outcomes such as RDS and NICU admission were high in the perinatal period. Surgical resection was required in approximately 1/3 of the cases in the postnatal period.

Keywords

• bronchopulmonary sequestration
• congenital pulmonary airway malformation
• congenital lung malformations
• pregnancy outcomes
• postnatal outcomes