A Multi-Target Approach toward the Development of Novel Candidates for Antidermatophytic Activity: Ultrastructural Evidence on α-Bisabolol-Treated Microsporum gypseum
Carlo Romagnoli,
Anna Baldisserotto,
Gemma Malisardi,
Chiara B. Vicentini,
Donatella Mares,
Elisa Andreotti,
Silvia Vertuani,
Stefano Manfredini
Affiliations
Carlo Romagnoli
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, viale Caduti in Guerra 127, 41121 Modena, Italy
Anna Baldisserotto
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Gemma Malisardi
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Chiara B. Vicentini
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Donatella Mares
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Elisa Andreotti
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, viale Caduti in Guerra 127, 41121 Modena, Italy
Silvia Vertuani
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Stefano Manfredini
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Multi-target strategies are directed toward targets that are unrelated (or distantly related) and can create opportunities to address different pathologies. The antidermatophytic activities of nine natural skin lighteners: α-bisabolol, kojic acid, β-arbutin, azelaic acid, hydroquinone, nicotinamide, glycine, glutathione and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, were evaluated, in comparison with the known antifungal drug fluconazole, on nine dermatophytes responsible for the most common dermatomycoses: Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton violaceum, Nannizzia cajetani, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Arthroderma gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton tonsurans. α-Bisabolol showed the best antifungal activity against all fungi and in particular; against M. gypseum. Further investigations were conducted on this fungus to evaluate the inhibition of spore germination and morphological changes induced by α-bisabolol by TEM.
