From the history of settling networks of tunnels (On the 100. anniversary of the Simplonsky tunnel)

Abstract

The present contribution entitled „History of setting-out network of tunnels“ is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the opening of Simplon’s tunnel. Tunnels belong to the most significant civil engineering works which closely reflect the technical and social scale of the epoch of their genesis. Necessary conditions of the successful planing and constructions of tunnels are geodetically ensured location and building procedures. This presentation traces the progress of the setting out networks of European tunnels from earliest times (the Samos Island, the 6th century B.C.) to the present days when the GPS methods are used. It focuses upon data concerning the alpine tunnels of the 19th and 20th centuries and follows earlier articles by the same author.

Keywords

• tunnel
• setting out net
• history of surveying
• mine surveying
• engineering geodesy