Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva (Sep 2008)
Complicações após cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica em pacientes idosos Postoperative cardiac artery bypass graft complications in elderly patients
Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Devido ao aumento de longevidade da população e a alta prevalência de doença coronariana em idosos, o procedimento de revascularização miocárdica se tornou mais freqüente nesta faixa etária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características operatórias, tempo de internação, complicações e desfechos de curto prazo, observada nas cirurgias de revascularização miocárdica em idosos. MÉTODOS: Entre fevereiro de 2005 e outubro de 2007, 269 pacientes foram submetidos à revascularização miocárdica . Foram identificados dados demográficos, comorbidades, escores prognósticos (Euroscore, Ontário e APACHE II), caráter eletivo versus urgente da cirurgia, dados do intra-operatório, complicações no período pós-operatório e tempo de permanência e letalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva. Os pacientes foram divididos em 4 grupos de acordo com a faixa etária: grupo I (até 60 anos, n = 68), II (60-69, n = 86), III (70-79, n = 93) e IV (acima de 80, n = 22). RESULTADOS: Quando comparados a outros grupos etários, o grupo IV foi submetido a maior número de cirurgias combinadas com troca valvar e de caráter urgente, com maior tempo de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (p PURPOSE: Due to the increasing longevity of the and high prevalence of coronary heart disease in the aged , coronary artery bypass graft surgery has become frequent in older patients. The purpose of this study is to describe operative features, length of stay, complications and short term outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft in such patients. METHODS: From February 2005 to October 2007, 269 patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft. Demographic data, comorbidities, prognostic scores, coronary artery bypass graft elective versus urgent indication, intensive care unit length of stay, postoperative complications and intensive care unit mortality were recorded. Intra-operative characteristics, such as total surgery time, use of bypass device, on-pump time, urine output, fluid balance, use of blood products and number of grafts, were analyzed. Patients were divided in four age groups: group I (< 60 n = 68), II (60 to 69 n = 86), III (70 to 79 n = 93) IV and older than 80 years (n = 22). RESULTS: Group IV patients were more frequently submitted to coronary artery bypass graft combined with valve replacement, emergency surgery, and had longer stay in the intensive care unit (p < 0.01). The incidence of at least one postoperative complication was also higher among patients older than 80 (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified age and on-pump time as independent risk factors for development of complications. Mortality increased in patients older than 70 years (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Octogenarian patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft have longer intensive care unit length of stay, incidence of complications and mortality. Age and on-pump time were independent risk factors associated with the incidence of postoperative complications.
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