A numerical investigation of the two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic water-based hybrid nanofluid flow composed of Fe3O4 and Au nanoparticles over a heated surface

Abstract

In this research article, the viscous, steady, and incompressible two-dimensional hybrid nanofluid flow composed of Fe3O4 and Au nanoparticles on an extending sheet has been presented. An inclined magnetic field impact is used for evaluating the impacts of various factors in that case. Furthermore, the influences of porosity, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, thermal and space-dependent heat sources, and thermal radiation factors are also used in this work. The numerical analysis is done by using the bvp4c technique. Validation of the present results confirms that the present analysis is valid. The outcomes show that the higher magnetic factor reduces velocity distribution while increasing the frictional force at the surface due to Lorentz forces which oppose the fluid flow. The friction force at the sheet’s surface is higher when the sheet stretches as compared to the case when the sheet shrinks. Increase in the magnetic factor increases the skin friction of sheet’s surface which consequently increases the rate of thermal transmission at the surface along with thermal distribution. The higher values of thermal radiation and thermal-dependent heat source increase the thermal transportation rate of sheet’s surface. Insights from this investigation can improve electronics cooling systems, vital for devices prone to overheating. Optimizing heat transfer with magnetohydrodynamic water-based hybrid nanofluids containing Fe3O4 and Au nanoparticles ensures efficient heat dissipation, enhancing device performance and longevity.

Keywords

• nanofluids
• hybrid nanofluids
• porous medium
• brownian motion and thermophoresis
• activation energy
• thermal convective surface