Caffeine Synthesis and Its Mechanism and Application by Microbial Degradation, A Review
Zhipeng Lin,
Jian Wei,
Yongqiang Hu,
Dujuan Pi,
Mingguo Jiang,
Tao Lang
Affiliations
Zhipeng Lin
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China
Jian Wei
Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China
Yongqiang Hu
Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China
Dujuan Pi
Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China
Mingguo Jiang
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China
Tao Lang
MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
Caffeine is a metabolite derived from purine nucleotides, typically accounting for 2–5% of the dry weight of tea and 1–2% of the dry weight of coffee. In the tea and coffee plants, the main synthesis pathway of caffeine is a four-step sequence consisting of three methylation reactions and one nucleosidase reaction using xanthine as a precursor. In bacteria, caffeine degradation occurs mainly through the pathways of N-demethylation and C-8 oxidation. However, a study fully and systematically summarizing the metabolism and application of caffeine in microorganisms has not been established elsewhere. In the present study, we provide a review of the biosynthesis, microbial degradation, gene expression, and application of caffeine microbial degradation. The present review aims to further elaborate the mechanism of caffeine metabolism by microorganisms and explore the development prospects in this field.
