Accoding to modern views, endothelial dysfunction is considered to be the key link in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, manifesting in imbalance between endothelial vasoactive substances – vasodilators and vasoconstrictors. Is demonstrated, that practically all risk factors of atherosclerosis realises the unfavorable effect through endothelial dysfunction. In this connection, is actual to asses the indexes of endothelial function in men with risk factors of atherosclerosis as the markers of early atherosclerotic changes of vessels. The assigning of pathogenetic therapy at this stage, and also for faces with the demonstrated atherosclerosis will allow considerably improve the prognosis of patients.