POLYSEMY, CONTEXT AND MEANINGS TRANSFERENCE

Abstract

Objective. Investigation of the phenomenon of polysemy and context as a means of identifying the meaning of speech use of polysemantic units of the language. Materials and methods. Analysis of ideas about polysemy and context in works on linguistics and generalization of the results of works published by the authors of the article on lexical semantics and linguoconceptology. Results. It is established that the context has varying degrees of “resolution” and may be “strong” – sufficient for unambiguous identification of one of the meanings of a multiple-valued unit and “weak” – insufficient for such identification. “Asymmetric dualism of a linguistic sign” is realized in speech in “strong” contexts as syncretism, and in “weak” contexts as amphibole. Linguistic polysemy of language units is usually removed in the contexts of their speech use, but sometimes this ambiguity remains, which indicates the negligence of the sender of the speech or his desire to deliberately mislead his communication partner. The concept of the resolving power of the context is successfully used to diagnose “strong” and “weak” contexts of speech use of both lexical and grammatical units in Spanish, English and Russian. Conclusion. In the translation model based on the theory of regular correspondences, the choice of variant correspondences is determined by the speech context and largely depends on the linguocultural competence of the translator.

Keywords

• полисемия
• синонимия
• нейтрализация
• синкретизм
• контекст
• разрешающая способность
• вариантное соответствие
• лингвокультурная комптентность