Frontiers in Nutrition (Jul 2022)

Associations Between the Modified Food Standard Agency Nutrient Profiling System Dietary Index and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in an Elderly Population

  • Nadine Khoury,
  • Nadine Khoury,
  • Clara Gómez-Donoso,
  • Clara Gómez-Donoso,
  • María Ángeles Martínez,
  • María Ángeles Martínez,
  • María Ángeles Martínez,
  • Miguel Ángel Martínez-González,
  • Miguel Ángel Martínez-González,
  • Miguel Ángel Martínez-González,
  • Dolores Corella,
  • Dolores Corella,
  • Montserrat Fitó,
  • Montserrat Fitó,
  • J. Alfredo Martínez,
  • J. Alfredo Martínez,
  • J. Alfredo Martínez,
  • Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez,
  • Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez,
  • Julia Wärnberg,
  • Julia Wärnberg,
  • Jesús Vioque,
  • Jesús Vioque,
  • Dora Romaguera,
  • Dora Romaguera,
  • Ana León-Acuña,
  • Ana León-Acuña,
  • Francisco J. Tinahones,
  • Francisco J. Tinahones,
  • José M. Santos-Lozano,
  • José M. Santos-Lozano,
  • Luís Serra-Majem,
  • Luís Serra-Majem,
  • Paloma Massó Guijarro,
  • Paloma Massó Guijarro,
  • Paloma Massó Guijarro,
  • Josep A. Tur,
  • Josep A. Tur,
  • Vicente Martín Sánchez,
  • Vicente Martín Sánchez,
  • Xavier Pintó,
  • Xavier Pintó,
  • Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez,
  • Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez,
  • Pilar Matía-Martín,
  • Josep Vidal,
  • Josep Vidal,
  • Clotilde Vázquez,
  • Clotilde Vázquez,
  • Lidia Daimiel,
  • Emili Ros,
  • Emili Ros,
  • Maira Bes-Rastrollo,
  • Maira Bes-Rastrollo,
  • Rocio Barragan,
  • Rocio Barragan,
  • Olga Castañer,
  • Olga Castañer,
  • Jose D. Torres-Peña,
  • Jose D. Torres-Peña,
  • Leyre Notario-Barandiaran,
  • Carlos Muñoz-Bravo,
  • Itziar Abete,
  • Itziar Abete,
  • Itziar Abete,
  • Lara Prohens,
  • Lara Prohens,
  • Naomi Cano-Ibáñez,
  • Naomi Cano-Ibáñez,
  • Naomi Cano-Ibáñez,
  • Lucas Tojal Sierra,
  • Lucas Tojal Sierra,
  • José Carlos Fernández-García,
  • José Carlos Fernández-García,
  • Carmen Sayon-Orea,
  • Carmen Sayon-Orea,
  • Maria Pascual,
  • Maria Pascual,
  • Jose V. Sorli,
  • Jose V. Sorli,
  • Dolores Zomeño,
  • Dolores Zomeño,
  • Dolores Zomeño,
  • Patricia J. Peña-Orihuela,
  • Patricia J. Peña-Orihuela,
  • Antonio J. Signes-Pastor,
  • Antonio J. Signes-Pastor,
  • F. Javier Basterra-Gortari,
  • F. Javier Basterra-Gortari,
  • Helmut Schröeder,
  • Helmut Schröeder,
  • Jordi Salas Salvadó,
  • Jordi Salas Salvadó,
  • Jordi Salas Salvadó,
  • Nancy Babio,
  • Nancy Babio,
  • Nancy Babio

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.897089
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 9

Abstract

Read online

BackgroundHelping consumers to improve the nutritional quality of their diet is a key public health action to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The modified version of the Food Standard Agency Nutrient Profiling System Dietary Index (FSAm-NPS DI) underpinning the Nutri-Score front-of-pack label has been used in public health strategies to address the deleterious consequences of poor diets. This study aimed to assess the association between the FSAm-NPS DI and some CVD risk factors including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, plasma glucose levels, triglyceride levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and diastolic and systolic blood pressure.Materials and MethodsDietary intake was assessed at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up using a 143-item validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary indices based on FSAm-NPS applied at an individual level were computed to characterize the diet quality of 5,921 participants aged 55–75 years with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-plus cohort. Associations between the FSAm-NPS DI and CVD risk factors were assessed using linear regression models.ResultsCompared to participants with a higher nutritional quality of diet (measured by a lower FSAm-NPS DI at baseline or a decrease in FSAm-NPS DI after 1 year), those participants with a lower nutritional quality of diet (higher FSAm-NPS DI or an increase in score) showed a significant increase in the levels of plasma glucose, triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, and waist circumference (β coefficient [95% confidence interval]; P for trend) (1.67 [0.43, 2.90]; <0.001; 6.27 [2.46, 10.09]; <0.001; 0.56 [0.08, 1.05]; 0.001; 0.51 [0.41, 0.60]; <0.001; 1.19 [0.89, 1.50]; <0.001, respectively). No significant associations in relation to changes in HDL and LDL-cholesterol nor with systolic blood pressure were shown.ConclusionThis prospective cohort study suggests that the consumption of food items with a higher FSAm-NPS DI is associated with increased levels of several major risk factors for CVD including adiposity, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and diastolic blood pressure. However, results must be cautiously interpreted because no significant prospective associations were identified for critical CVD risk factors, such as HDL and LDL-cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure.

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