Forecrops and sowing dates of the winter bread wheat variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ in the southern part of the Rostov region

Abstract

The current paper has presented the results of the study conducted in the southern part of the Rostov region by the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2019–2021. The purpose of the work was to identify how grain productivity and its qualitative indicators of the winter bread wheat variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ are formed under the influ­ence of various sowing dates and after various forecrops and to estimate the economic efficiency of these elements of cultivation technology. There were used such dates in the trial as September 10, September 20, September 30, and October 10; such forecrops as peas (for grain), sunflower, black fallow, green-manured fallow (corn kale). When laying and conducting the trial, there were used conventional methods. The total area of the plots was 55 m2, the accounting area was 41.25 m2, with four-fold repetition. The seeding rate was 5 million germinated seeds per 1 ha. The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary calcareous heavy loamy blackearth (chernozem). The arable layer of the soil contained 3.2 % of humus; 7.0 of pH; 18.5–20.0 of P2O5; 342–360 mg/kg of K2O. The variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ showed its adaptabil­ity to the sowing dates when sown in black fallow. At the same time, there was identified a positive effect of the sowing in black fallow on September 20 and 30, where the productivity level of the variety reached 6.92–6.95 t/ha, and there was obtained the largest conditionally net income of 62058–62732 rubles/ha. There was established that the highest production profitability was 165.3–168.7 % when the variety was sown after peas on September 30 and October 10. There was a high adaptability to the sowing of the variety at the end of the optimal sowing dates in green-manured fallow, after peas and sunflower. The lowest productive profitability was established when the variety was sown after sunflower (135.4–153.4 %) and in green-manured fallow (127.5–139.2 %). The determining factor in the productivity formation was a productive thick stand, which, depending on the forecrops and sowing dates, varied from 452 to 654 pcs/m2. Black fallow, green-manured fallow and peas contributed to the production of high-quality grain.

Keywords

• winter bread wheat
• the variety ‘yubiley dona’
• forecrop
• sowing date
• productivity