Diabetic microangiopathies: mechanisms of development, approaches to the therapy

Abstract

Birukova E.V.1, Shinkin M.V.2 1 A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry 2 The Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Diabetes mellitus of the first and second type is a chronic disease associated with the development of vascular complications, the prevention of which is one of the most important tasks of modern medicine. The mechanisms of development of diabetic angiopathy are complex and diverse. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and severe microvascular complications of diabetes, which leads to impaired vision and, in the future, blindness. DR is diagnosed in almost all the patients with type 1 diabetes and in 60% of patients with type 2 diabetes with a duration of the disease of more than 20 years. Diabetic nephropathy is responsible for 40-50% of all cases of end-stage renal disease. Among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, one-third have serious kidney complications, characterized by an increase in urinary albumin excretion and a decrease in renal function, up to hemodialysis. Therapeutic approaches to the treatment of microangiopathies (diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy), the use of calcium dobesilate are discussed. Calcium dobesilate refers to the pharmacological group of angioprotectors and microcirculatory correctors. Key words: diabetes mellitus, microangiopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, developmental mechanisms, treatment, calcium dobesilate. For citation: Birukova E.V., Shinkin M.V. Diabetic microangiopathies: mechanisms of development, approaches to the therapy. RMJ “Clinical ophthalmology”. 2018;2:91–96.