Relationship between sarcopenia and pain catastrophizing in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to clarify the psychological factors related to sarcopenia in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 72 patients with LSS (38 males and 34 females; mean age, 70.4 ± 6.9 years). Demographic data, lower extremity pain, back pain, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) score, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire score, walking velocity, grip strength, walking distance, and appendicular muscle mass were assessed. Muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Patients were grouped based on sarcopenia status according to skeletal muscle mass index. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 13.9% (10 of 72 patients). Sarcopenia was significantly more common in females. The incidence of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease were significantly higher in the sarcopenia group. The sarcopenia group had lower body weight, body mass index, grip strength, and walking distance than the control group. The sarcopenia group had higher PCS scores and HADS-anxiety scores. Multivariate analysis identified body weight, dyslipidemia, walking distance, and PCS score as significantly related to sarcopenia. Conclusions: Pain catastrophizing might be the most relevant psychological factor in sarcopenia. Evaluation of both physical function and pain catastrophizing is needed when investigating sarcopenia in LSS. Keywords: Cross-sectional studies, Spinal stenosis, Catastrophization, Sarcopenia