NO-cGMP-K<sup>+</sup> Channels Pathways Participate in the Antihypertensive Effects of <i>Attalea phalerata</i> Martius ex Spreng Oil-Loaded Nanocapsules
Maria Medina de Azevedo,
Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis Lívero,
Sílvia Beatriz Bürger Tinelli,
Jacenir Vieira da Silva,
Danielle Ayr Tavares de Almeida,
Marco Antonio Utrera Martines,
Ariadna Lafourcade Prada,
Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado,
Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
Affiliations
Maria Medina de Azevedo
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil
Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis Lívero
Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba 80060-000, PR, Brazil
Sílvia Beatriz Bürger Tinelli
Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
Jacenir Vieira da Silva
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil
Danielle Ayr Tavares de Almeida
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil
Marco Antonio Utrera Martines
Laboratory of Nanostructured Materials, Metallodrugs and Medicines, Institute of Chemistry, Federal de University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
Ariadna Lafourcade Prada
Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil
Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil
Attalea phalerata Martius ex Spreng is a palm tree that is widely distributed in the Central-West region of Brazil. In this study, we investigated whether the oil-loaded nanocapsules of A. phalerata (APON) have acute and long-lasting antihypertensive effects in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as well as explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. APON was prepared using the interfacial polymer deposition method. The particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were investigated using dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering. The antihypertensive effects of APON (administered at doses of 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) were evaluated after acute intraduodenal administration and after 7 days of oral treatment. To investigate the molecular pathways involved, we used pharmacological antagonists and inhibitors that target prostaglandin/cyclic adenosine monophosphate, nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate, and potassium channels. Both acute and prolonged administration of APON (at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg) resulted in a significant reduction in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure. Prior treatment with a non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (methylene blue), or non-selective calcium-sensitive K+ channel blocker (tetraethylammonium) abolished the antihypertensive effects of APON. Our study showed that A. phalerata oil-loaded nanocapsules have a significant antihypertensive effect in SHR after both short-term and long-term (7-day) use. This effect seems to rely on the vascular endothelium function and involves the NO-cGMP-K+ channel pathway. This research suggests a new direction for future studies to definitively prove the therapeutic benefits of APON in treating cardiovascular disease.
