Inactivated COVID-19 vaccine booster dose shortened the viral shedding time of patients infected with the Omicron variant BA.2

Abstract

Objectives: We assessed the effect of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine boosting immunization on the viral shedding time for patients infected with the Omicron variant BA.2. Methods: We performed a real-world study by analyzing the outbreak data of patients infected with the COVID-19 Omicron variant BA.2 from March to May 2022 in Shanghai, China. Patients were categorized into three groups, including not fully vaccinated (zero and one dose), fully vaccinated (two doses), and booster-vaccinated (three doses). Results: A total of 4443 patients infected with COVID-19 were included in the analysis. The proportion of viral shedding within 14 days in the three groups was 94.7%, 95.5%, and 96.7%, respectively (P <0.001). After adjusting for sex, age, underlying conditions, and clinical symptoms, the booster vaccination had a 29% increased possibility (hazard ratio: 1.29, 95% confidence interval: 1.18-1.41) of no detectable viral shedding within 14 days, whereas the fully vaccinated group had an 11% increased possibility of no detectable viral shedding (hazard ratio: 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.23). The effect of booster vaccination was more significant in males, the elderly, and people with underlying conditions or symptomatic infections. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that the booster vaccination could significantly shorten the viral shedding time of patients infected with the Omicron variant BA.2.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• Inactivated vaccine
• Booster dose
• Viral shedding time
• Omicron variant