Sleep disorders among elderly in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

BACKGROUND Aging has been shown to have an impact on sleep patterns, necessitating a deep dive into understanding the complex relationship between aging and sleep disorders. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders among elderly people and identify the associations between different factors and sleep disorders in this age group. METHODS This study was conducted at nursing homes in Jeddah. The target populations were those aged 65 years and older (geriatric group) and those aged younger than 65 years (nongeriatric group). Validated questionnaires, including the Athens Insomnia Scale, Berlin Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, International restless legs syndrome (RLS) Study Group, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, were used to assess different sleep disorders. RESULTS A total of 313 participants were recruited in the geriatric (n = 153) and nongeriatric (n = 160) groups. Compared with the nongeriatric group, the geriatric group had greater risks of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (70.6%) and RLS (40.5%) (P < 0.001). Both groups had a notable prevalence of poor sleep quality (86.6%). Although insomnia was found to be common, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of insomnia between the two groups. In addition, insomnia (odds ratio [OR] = 3.04, confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–8.86, P = 0.037), OSA (OR = 3.17, CI: 1.06–9.41, P = 0.038), and high body mass index (OR = 1.76, CI: 1.63–2.9, P = 0.003) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. CONCLUSION This study revealed that sleep disorders, particularly OSA and RLS, are common in the elderly population in Saudi Arabia.

Keywords

• aging
• elderly
• insomnia
• obstructive sleep apnea
• restless legs syndrome
• saudi arabia
• sleep quality
• sleeping disorders