Uluslararası Türk Lehçe Araştırmaları Dergisi (Dec 2018)
ON THE CAUSATIVE VOICE SUFFIX –t IN KARAKALPAK
Abstract
In the grammar of Turkish, stem with the -ş; -l; -n suffixies that create a category to determine the relation of the verbs with the nouns they are related to, are examined with under the title of voice in verbs in terms of meaning. The verb voicewhich has been formed by the "- t" suffix and which has been used since The Old Turkic, appears with its causative and transitive functions: akıt-, taşıt-, oynat- etc. This -t suffix is also observed that it is formed in the form -Ir-t or -DIr-ton causative and transitive stems: kaç-ır-t, bit-ir-t- or bildir-t-, aç-tır-t- etc. It is also clear that the verb stems ending with open syllable such as oynattır- or beklettir- in Turkish, and this suffixies sequence is different in the form of -t-DIr. This problem is still being dealt with some monographs other than general grammars in Turkish Language. In addition, in Karakalpak which is a written language belonging to the Kipchack area of the General Turkic Language, causative stem -t, has remarkable properties: Causative morpheme -t in verbs like monosyllabic ürkit- “to scare” ; polysyllabic balpayt- (< balpay-) “to sedate, to calm”; antalat- (< antala-) “to force”; baykat-(< bayka-) “to warn”; sanat- (< sana-) “ to force count”, is observed that it contributed to the derivation in Karakalpak, according to the rules of General Turkic Language. However, -t suffix in the passive stems like dizilt- ( < dizil-) “to put in order” and jetilt- (< jetil-) “to arrive” and –t suffix in the reflexive stems like alda-n-t- “ to cheat someone, to confuse; to appease” is revealed with remarkable uses in Karakalpak vocabulary.
