The effect of social (and spiritual & religious) capitals on economic growth and development

Abstract

In this paper, first, social (and spiritual & religious) capitals arediscussed and explain their concepts; introduce components and thetype of relationship exists between them. Then, the effect of social(and spiritual & religious) capitals on economic growth anddevelopment is determined and demonstrate the most importantmechanisms of this effectiveness. At last, this paper includes the mostconclusive mechanisms as: reducing inequality and alleviatingpoverty, increasing the effectiveness of market, encouragingeconomic growth, reducing costs, increasing efficiency of othercapitals, creating economic institutions and organizations andimproving their operations, expanding financial markets andencouraging investments, increasing full employment, conductingmore transactions, fostering innovations and improving technology.

Keywords

• social capital
• spiritual capital
• religious capital
• the effect of social capital
• the economic growth and development