Hubungan Konsumsi Sumber Pangan Enhancer Dan Inhibitor Zat Besi Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil

Abstract

Background: One of the important nutrients for pregnant women is iron. Iron absorption can be increased by consuming iron enhancers food source and reducing the intake of iron inhibitor food sources. Inhibited iron absorption will lead to anemia and can have adverse effects on pregnancy and fetal conditions. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyzed the consumption habits of iron enhancers and inhibitors food sources associated with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Methods: This research was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design included 43 third trimester pregnant women in Pajarakan Sub-district Probolinggo District, the sample was taken by simple random sampling method. Data were collected using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and measurement of Hb level by performing laboratory examination using Cyanmethemoglobin method, then the data analyzed by using spearman correlation test. Results: The results showed mean of hemoglobin level in pregnant women is 11.21±1.07 g/dl. The most of third trimester Pregnant Women rarely consume food source of iron enhancer (60,5%) and rarely consume food source of iron inhibitor (39,5%), and respondents who have anemia high enogh (41.9%). There was no correlation between consumption habits of food source of iron enhancer with the occurrence of anemia (p= 0.420). There was strong relation between consumption habit of food source of iron inhibitor with the incidence of anemia in pregnant mother of the third trimester (p=0.005; r=0.424). Conclusion: Food consumption habits of iron inhibitors contribute to the incidence of anemia in third trimester pregnant women so the mother is advised to reduce the consumption of food sources of iron inhibitors to minimize the occurrence of anemia. ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Salah satu zat gizi yang penting bagi ibu hamil adalah zat besi. Penyerapan zat besi dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengkonsumsi sumber pangan enhancer dan mengurangi asupan sumber pangan inhibitor. Terhambatnya penyerapan zat besi meningkatkan risiko anemia yang dapat berakibat buruk bagi kondisi kehamilan dan janin. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kebiasaan konsumsi sumber pangan enhancer dan inhibitor zat besi yang berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional pada 43 ibu hamil trimester III di Kecamatan Pajarakan Kabupaten Probolinggo, sampel diambil dengan metode simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) dan pengukuran kadar Hb menggunakan uji laboratorium menggunakan metode Cyanmethemoglobin, kemudian data di analisis menggunakan uji korelasi spearman. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil adalah 11.21 ± 1.07 g/dl. Sebagian besar Ibu Hamil Trimester III jarang mengkonsumsi sumber pangan enhancer zat besi (60,5%) dan jarang mengkonsumsi inhibitor zat besi (39,5%), serta responden yang mengalami anemia juga cukup tinggi (41,9%). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan konsumsi sumber pangan enhancer zat besi dengan kejadian anemia (p= 0.420). Terdapat hubungan cukup kuat antara kebiasaan konsumsi sumber pangan inhibitor zat besi dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil trimester III (p= 0.005; r=0.424). Kesimpulan: Kebiasaan konsumsi sumber pangan inhibitor zat besi berkontribusi terhadap kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil trimester III sehingga ibu disarankan mengurangi konsumsi sumber pangan inhibitor zat besi untuk meminimalisir terjadinya anemia.

Keywords

• anemia, enhancer, inhibitor, zat besi