The Impact of Air or Nitrogen Non-Thermal Plasma on Variations of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i> Koidz.) Seed and the Potential Effects for Human Health
Bing-Jyh Lu,
Tzu-Che Lin,
How-Ran Chao,
Cheng-Hsian Tsai,
Jian-He Lu,
Ming-Hsien Tsai,
Ching-Tzu Chang,
Hao Hsieh,
I-Cheng Lu,
Rachelle D. Arcega,
Wei-Hsiang Chang,
Hsiu-Ling Chen,
Wan Nurdiyana Wan Mansor,
Ying-Chieh Lee
Affiliations
Bing-Jyh Lu
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
Tzu-Che Lin
Department of Plant Industry, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan
How-Ran Chao
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan
Cheng-Hsian Tsai
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
Jian-He Lu
School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
Ming-Hsien Tsai
Department of Child Care, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan
Ching-Tzu Chang
Institute of Food Safety Management, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan
Hao Hsieh
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan
I-Cheng Lu
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan
Rachelle D. Arcega
Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
Wei-Hsiang Chang
Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
Hsiu-Ling Chen
Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
Wan Nurdiyana Wan Mansor
Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology & Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia
Ying-Chieh Lee
Institute of Material Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has been widely applied in the food and agricultural industries. It is still unknown whether natural bioactive compounds in seeds are affected by NTP treatment. Our goal was to examine whether the bioactive compounds in djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) seed are changed after NTP treatment. The betacyanin, anthocyanin, total phenolic content (TPCs), total flavonoids (TFs), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging effects (DPPH), gallic acid, and rutin were compared in NTP-treated seed and an untreated control. Levels of betacyanin, anthocyanin, and TPCs in the seed were found to be significantly increased after the nitrogen (N2)-NTP treatment compared with the control (p 2-NTP treated seed were significantly lower than those in the control (p 2-NTP generated nitrogen reactive species that activated the bioactive compounds in the seed. In contrast, air-NTP produced oxygen and nitrogen reactive species inhibited the expression of these bioactive compounds.
