ეკონომიკური პროფილი (Aug 2022)
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS IN STIMULATING THE ECONOMY
Abstract
The role of international financial institutions is recognized in the modern world and even today the global world depends on the finances of financial organizations, because they play a major role in the accumulation, availability and distribution of finance, and some international financial organizations help publicly And has become an essential aid component at the modern stage, especially during the Kovid-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict. International financial organizations are often cited as the world's most powerful agents of economic reform (Halliday and Carruthers, 2007:1135-1202). The role of international financial organizations is also special for Georgia, it can be said for developing countries in general, of course developed countries are not excluded, but access to finance and technical assistance is often needed by poor, transition or developing economies. The role of international financial organizations increased especially after the Second World War, in fact, in 1944, and the Bretton Woods Conference is considered the birthplace of international financial organizations, as there were no such financial organizations before, however, the formation of such organizations Financial condition. We will not discuss the origins of organizations in this topic, but it should be noted that the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, established under the Bretton Woods Conference, are still major players in the process of globalization and economic rapprochement with various international or regional financial organizations. At the same time, the International Monetary Fund is constantly introducing new standards in the face of modern challenges and adapting in the face of crises and challenges, assisting in implementation and conducting monetary policy, of course, taking into account the specifics of the country. It should also be noted that the opinion of scientists and experts often does not coincide with the policies of international financial organizations, even the International Monetary Fund in some cases, because local factors are ignored, which will be discussed in the main text, according to some examples. As for the World Bank Group, it mainly accredits countries with various types of loans and often plays an important role in stimulating the economy of a particular country - by financing infrastructure, energy and investment projects. It should be noted that intercity and urban infrastructure in Georgia is mainly financed by international financial organizations, including the construction of highways, municipal infrastructure, drainage systems, sidewalks and municipal transport development (For example, KFW-funded projects are important for the city of Batumi). The Asian Development Bank mainly finances the construction of the Central Highway, etc. Of course, such list is much broader and a matter of separate research, but we understand that it would be difficult for the state to finance such projects only with its own funds, and the already protracted projects would be further extended. Although international financial institutions play an important role in stimulating the economy, criticism often comes from the IMF's monopolistic and linear monetary policy, for example, the crisis of Asia in the 1990s and South Korea, when the IMF imposed its rule on South Korea. The policy developed by the experts, which should have been mainly focused on fighting inflation, which in fact deepened the crisis and led South Korea to default, which affected the entire financial market and particularly harmed private farms - small and medium-sized enterprises. The role of international financial organizations is special for Georgia as well, because the IMF and other international financial organizations play an important role in stimulating the Georgian economy, as most of the loans are directed to infrastructure and budget support loans. The volume of GDP and the level of employment of the population, however, the results of the funded projects will be more effective for the state and the population in the future. Debt management and services remain a challenge when financing international organizations, as the existence of public debt has historically been problematic, and the IMF has repeatedly called on states to maintain adequate levels of debt. However, it should be noted that the IMF at the present stage pursues a policy of relatively open governance and takes into account the characteristics of states in their monetary policy, because in the light of the crises of recent years, the Fund was not open to such governance. t should be said about the practice of Georgia, Georgia does not have a bad practice in terms of debt management, however, the debt volume as of 2021 is within 52% of GDP At the same time, it remains a challenge for Georgia to effectively implement projects financed by international financial organizations on time, because it is difficult to talk about the effectiveness of projects delayed over time. At the same time, it is important for Georgia to receive more loans from such organizations to finance more infrastructure and necessary economic projects.
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