Clinical study of burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in acute coronary syndromes and their complications

Abstract

Background: Sparse published data are available regarding the burden of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a health-care setting managed by physicians. Methods: The present study was conducted to assess the burden of T2DM, amongst persons admitted with ACS, and study the complications during their hospital stay. Results: During November 2016 and May 2017, 167 persons with ACS were admitted in the intensive care unit of a 15-bedded hospital managed by physicians. Of these, 66 (39.5%) were found to have T2DM (57 were known to have T2DM, T2DM was freshly detected in 9). Of the 66 patients with T2DM and ACS, 44 (67%) had ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) (25 persons had anterior wall MI and 19 had inferior wall MI) and 22 (33%) had non-ST-elevation MI/unstable angina. Ten (15%) patients died during hospital stay (9 died due to cardiac arrest and one patient died on the way to another centre). Other complications included acute left ventricular failure (n = 4). Two of these recovered with treatment and two others were shifted to another centre. One patient had developed cardiogenic shock and recovered with treatment. One person with post-infarction angina was referred to another centre for angiogram. Conclusions: Early recognition of diabetes mellitus in patients presenting with ACS is essential to save life and prevent complications.

Keywords

• acute coronary syndrome
• complications
• diabetes mellitus