A multiplicity result for the scalar field equation

Abstract

We prove the existence of N - 1 distinct pairs of nontrivial solutions of the scalar field equation in ℝN under a slow decay condition on the potential near infinity, without any symmetry assumptions. Our result gives more solutions than the existing results in the literature when N ≥ 6. When the ground state is the only positive solution, we also obtain the stronger result that at least N - 1 of the first N minimax levels are critical, i.e., we locate our solutions on particular energy levels with variational characterizations. Finally we prove a symmetry breaking result when the potential is radial. To overcome the difficulties arising from the lack of compactness we use the concentration compactness principle of Lions, expressed as a suitable profile decomposition for critical sequences.

Keywords

• scalar field equation
• multiple nontrivial solutions
• variational and minimax methods
• concentration compactness
• symmetry breaking
• 35j61
• 35p30
• 35j20