Unusual Airway Foreign Bodies in Children: Demographics and Management

Abstract

AIM: The aim is to study the demographics and management of unusual airway foreign bodies (UAFBs) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study (2000–2020) of children with UAFBs, who underwent bronchoscopic removal. The demographics, types of foreign bodies, clinical and radiological features, management, and outcomes were collated and analyzed. Common foreign bodies, such as nuts, seeds, and vegetable aspirations, were excluded. Results: Among 531 children who had bronchoscopic retrieval of airway foreign bodies, 74 (59 males/15 females) had unusual foreign bodies. These included pen caps, whistles, plastic objects, pins, coal piece, stones, clay, pencil, gold ornament, and glass bangle. Thirty-one children presented within 1 day of aspiration, 37 within 1 month and 6 till 6 months. Thirty-nine were below 5 years, and the rest were between 5 and 15 years. Cough, respiratory distress, fever, choking, and noisy breathing were common presentations. Others are stridor, whistling, cyanosis, loss, and change of voice. Chest X-ray showed ipsilateral hyperinflation (23), haziness (21), radio-opaque foreign body (17) and was normal in 14. The left main bronchus, followed by the right main bronchus and trachea, were the sites of impaction. Four children required additional procedures (tracheotomy and thoracotomy). There was one mortality in the study cohort. Conclusion: Aspiration of unusual foreign bodies is not uncommon in children. Most aspirations are witnessed and predominant in boys. The left bronchus is the common site of impaction, and X-ray clinches the diagnosis. Presentation is delayed, and bronchoscopic retrieval, though challenging, has favorable outcome.

Keywords

• airway
• bronchoscopy
• children
• foreign bodies
• unusual