The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2025)
Shockingly Effective: Cluster Winds as Engines of Feedback in Starburst Galaxy VV 114
- Justin A. Kader,
- Vivian U,
- Jeffrey A. Rich,
- Marina Bianchin,
- Sean T. Linden,
- Anne M. Medling,
- Tanio Diaz-Santos,
- George C. Privon,
- Rosalie McGurk,
- Lee Armus,
- Loreto Barcos-Mũnoz,
- Gabriela Canalizo,
- Vassilis Charmandaris,
- Aaron S. Evans,
- Tianmu Gao,
- Justin Howell,
- Hanae Inami,
- Thomas Lai,
- Kirsten L. Larson,
- Matthew A. Malkan,
- María Sánchez-García,
- Christopher D. Martin,
- Mateusz Matuszewski,
- Claire E. Max,
- Joseph M. Mazzarella,
- James D. Neill,
- Nikolaus Z. Prusinski,
- Raymond Remigio,
- David Sanders,
- Yiqing Song,
- Sabrina Stierwalt,
- Jason Surace
Affiliations
- Justin A. Kader
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Vivian U
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Jeffrey A. Rich
- ORCiD
- The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
- Marina Bianchin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Sean T. Linden
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona , 1114 E. Lowell Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Anne M. Medling
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Ritter Astrophysical Research Center, University of Toledo , Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Tanio Diaz-Santos
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astrophysics , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion 70013, Greece; School of Sciences, European University Cyprus , Diogenes Street, Engomi, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
- George C. Privon
- ORCiD
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia , 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Florida , P.O. Box 112055, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Rosalie McGurk
- ORCiD
- W. M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy., Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
- Lee Armus
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Loreto Barcos-Mũnoz
- ORCiD
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia , 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Gabriela Canalizo
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Vassilis Charmandaris
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astrophysics , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion 70013, Greece; School of Sciences, European University Cyprus , Diogenes Street, Engomi, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Physics, University of Crete , Heraklion 71003, Greece
- Aaron S. Evans
- ORCiD
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia , 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Tianmu Gao
- ORCiD
- Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , Weston Creek, ACT 2611, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia
- Justin Howell
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Hanae Inami
- ORCiD
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Thomas Lai
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Kirsten L. Larson
- ORCiD
- AURA for the European Space Agency (ESA), Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Matthew A. Malkan
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA
- María Sánchez-García
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astrophysics , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion 70013, Greece
- Christopher D. Martin
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Mateusz Matuszewski
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Claire E. Max
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Joseph M. Mazzarella
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- James D. Neill
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Nikolaus Z. Prusinski
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Raymond Remigio
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- David Sanders
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Yiqing Song
- ORCiD
- European Southern Observatory , Alonso de Córdova, 3107 Vitacura, Santiago 763-0355, Chile; Joint ALMA Observatory , Alonso de Córdova, 3107 Vitacura, Santiago 763-0355, Chile
- Sabrina Stierwalt
- ORCiD
- Occidental College , Physics Department, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, CA 90042, USA
- Jason Surace
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade38e
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 988,
no. 2
p. 230
Abstract
We present high-resolution Keck Cosmic Web Imager and MUSE integral field unit spectroscopy of VV 114, a local IR-luminous merger undergoing a vigorous starburst and showing evidence of galactic-scale feedback. The high-resolution data allow for spectral deblending of the optical emission lines and reveal a broad emission line component ( σ _broad ∼ 100–300 km s ^−1 ) with line ratios and kinematics consistent with a mixture of ionization by stars and radiative shocks. The shock fraction (percentage of ionization due to shocks) in the high-velocity gas is anticorrelated with the projected surface number density of resolved star clusters, and we find that the radial density profiles around clusters are fit well by models of adiabatically expanding cluster winds driven by massive stellar winds and supernovae (SNe). The total kinetic power estimated from the cluster wind models matches the wind + SN mechanical energy deposition rate estimated from the soft-band X-ray luminosity, indicating that at least 70% of the shock luminosity in the galaxy is driven by the star clusters. Hubble Space Telescope narrowband near-IR imaging reveals embedded shocks in the dust-buried IR nucleus of VV 114E. Most of the shocked gas is blueshifted with respect to the quiescent medium, and there is a close spatial correspondence between the shock map and the Chandra soft-band X-ray image, implying the presence of a galactic superwind. The energy budget of the superwind is in close agreement with the total kinetic power of the cluster winds, confirming the superwind is driven by the starburst.
Keywords
