Assessing the Benefits and Harms Associated with Early Diagnosis from the Perspective of Parents with Multiple Children Diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Abstract

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare neuromuscular disorder diagnosed in childhood. Limited newborn screening in the US often delays diagnosis. With multiple FDA-approved therapies, early diagnosis is crucial for timely treatment but may entail other benefits and harms. Using a community-based survey, we explored how parents of siblings with DMD perceived early diagnosis of one child due to a prior child’s diagnosis. We assessed parents’ viewpoints across domains including diagnostic journey, treatment initiatives, service access, preparedness, parenting, emotional impact, and caregiving experience. We analyzed closed-ended responses on a −1.0 to +1.0 scale to measure the degree of harm or benefit parents perceived and analyzed open-ended responses thematically. A total of 45 parents completed the survey, with an average age of 43.5 years and 20.0% identifying as non-white. Younger siblings were diagnosed 2 years earlier on average (p < 0.001). Overall, parents viewed early diagnosis positively (mean: 0.39), particularly regarding school preparedness (+0.79), support services (+0.78), treatment evaluation (+0.68), and avoiding diagnostic odyssey (+0.67). Increased worry was a common downside (−0.40). Open-ended responses highlighted improved outlook and health management alongside heightened emotional distress and treatment burdens. These findings address gaps in the evidence by documenting the effectiveness of early screening and diagnosis of DMD using sibling data.

Keywords

• Duchenne muscular dystrophy
• newborn screening
• early diagnosis