Journal of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy (Sep 2020)

Truxillic and truxinic acid derivatives: configuration, source, and bioactivities of natural cyclobutane dimers

  • Xujiang YUAN,
  • Lijiao MEN,
  • Yadi LIU,
  • Yu QIU,
  • Cuimin HE,
  • Weibin HUANG

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 1, no. 1
pp. 48 – 69

Abstract

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[Abstract]: Natural truxillic and truxinic acid derivatives are interesting cyclobutane dimers, with different stereo conformations formed by the orientation of groups on the cyclobutane. These derivatives are currently obtained by connecting different groups through C, O, and N bond condensation at the carboxyl position. Flavonoids, alkaloids, iridoids, sugars, benzene derivatives, amides, amino acids, lignan groups, and alicyclic organic acids are mainly included in this group. Therefore, these compounds have diverse and complex structures. Truxillic acid and truxinic acid derivatives show multiple bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects, among others. These derivatives have attracted the attention of Chinese and international researchers due to their unique structures and bioactivities. These derivatives are considered to be potential and promising natural candidates for the development of new drugs for many diseases, and also potential parent skeletons for the development of lead compounds with high activity, high targeting and high selectivity, which endows these derivatives with important applications in new drug discovery. Therefore, some useful reference in the research and development of truxillic and truxinic acid derivatives and drug discovery is provided by the configurations, source, bioactivities, and quality analysis of these derivatives which are systematically summarized and analyzed in this paper.

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