Evaluation of Lipid Profile and Apolipoproteins in Essential Hypertensive Patients

Abstract

Introduction: Essential hypertension is one of the most common diseases of the Indian population contributing greatly to the morbidity, mortality and economic burden. It has a strong association with cardiovascular disease and abnormal lipid metabolism. Not only the traditional lipid parameters, but also the novel lipid components like Apo A1 and Apo B100 also have been identified to play a role. Aim: The present study was done to evaluate serum lipid profile and Apo A1, Apo B 100 in essential hypertensive patients and correlate their values with the degree of hypertension. Materials and Methods: Fasting samples from 55 age and sex matched controls and 55 essential hypertensives were tested for plasma glucose, serum urea, creatinine, lipid profile, apo A1 and apo B100. The cases were subclassified based on the severity of hypertension according to JNC criteria. Results: The study showed a significantly raised value for serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) in the hypertensive patients than the control group whereas serum High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) registered a fall in the cases. Apo A1 revealed a non-significant fall in the hypertensive patients. In contrast, there was a rise in the serum apo B100 in the cases. Apo B100/ apo A1 ratio was significantly raised in both stage I and stage II hypertensive patients in comparision to the controls. When correlated, serum apo A1 revealed a negative association where as serum apo B 100 showed a positive association with systolic and diastolic bloood pressure. Both LDL/HDL and apoB100/ apo A1 and apo B100 revealed a significant positive association with both SBP and DBP. However, apoB100/apo A1 revealed a more positive association in comparision to LDL/HDL ratio (r=0.749, p<0.001, r=0.756, p<0.001 vs r=0.336, p<0.000, r=0.312, p<0.001). Conclusion: Apo B100/apoA1 has emerged as an important complementary parameter in addition to traditional lipid ratio for evaluation of risk for future cardiovascular disease.

Keywords

• atherosclerosis
• coronary heart disease
• dyslipidemia