Using Imidazolium in the Construction of Hybrid 2D and 3D Lead Bromide Pseudoperovskites

Abstract

The field of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite materials continues to attract the interest of the scientific community due to their fascinating properties and the plethora of promising applications in photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. To enhance the efficiency and stability of perovskite-based devices, it is essential to discover novel compounds but also to investigate their various physicochemical, structural, and thermal properties. In this work, we report the synthesis and structural characterization of two novel hybrid lead bromide perovskites, combining the imidazolium cation (IMI) with methylammonium (MA) or formamidinium (FA) cations. The isolated polycrystalline powders were studied with X-ray powder diffraction (XPRD) and were formulated as (IMI)(MA)Pb2Br6, a 3D structure consisting of dimers of face-sharing octahedra linked in corner-sharing mode, and (IMI)(FA)PbBr4, a 2D (110) oriented layer structure with zig-zag corner-sharing octahedra. The thermal stability of (IMI)(MA)Pb2Br6 and (IMI)(FA)PbBr4 was investigated with thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments which showed that both compounds are chemically stable (at least) up to 250 °C. Variable-temperature X-ray diffractometric (VT-XRD) studies of (IMI)(FA)PbBr4 highlighted a structural modification occurring above 100 °C, that is a phase transformation from triclinic to orthorhombic, via an elusive monoclinic phase.

Keywords

• lead halides
• perovskites
• imidazole
• formamidinium
• methylammonium
• thermal analyses