The interaction of innate immune and adaptive immune system
Ruyuan Wang,
Caini Lan,
Kamel Benlagha,
Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara,
Heather Miller,
Masato Kubo,
Steffen Heegaard,
Pamela Lee,
Lu Yang,
Huamei Forsman,
Xingrui Li,
Zhimin Zhai,
Chaohong Liu
Affiliations
Ruyuan Wang
Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
Caini Lan
Cancer CenterUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
Kamel Benlagha
Alloimmunity, Autoimmunity and TransplantationUniversité de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint‐Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160Paris France
Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
Department of ImmunologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São Paulo (USP)São PauloSão PauloBrazil
Heather Miller
Coxiella Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of BacteriologyRocky Mountain LaboratoriesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthHamilton Montana USA
Masato Kubo
Division of Molecular PathologyResearch Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS)Tokyo University of ScienceNoda Chiba Japan
Steffen Heegaard
Department of OphthalmologyRigshospitalet HospitalCopenhagen UniversityCopenhagenDenmark
Pamela Lee
Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
Lu Yang
Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
Huamei Forsman
Department of Laboratory MedicineInstitute of Biomedicine, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
Xingrui Li
Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
Zhimin Zhai
Department of HematologyThe Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
Chaohong Liu
Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
Abstract The innate immune system serves as the body's first line of defense, utilizing pattern recognition receptors like Toll‐like receptors to detect pathogens and initiate rapid response mechanisms. Following this initial response, adaptive immunity provides highly specific and sustained killing of pathogens via B cells, T cells, and antibodies. Traditionally, it has been assumed that innate immunity activates adaptive immunity; however, recent studies have revealed more complex interactions. This review provides a detailed dissection of the composition and function of the innate and adaptive immune systems, emphasizing their synergistic roles in physiological and pathological contexts, providing new insights into the link between these two forms of immunity. Precise regulation of both immune systems at the same time is more beneficial in the fight against immune‐related diseases, for example, the cGAS–STING pathway has been found to play an important role in infections and cancers. In addition, this paper summarizes the challenges and future directions in the field of immunity, including the latest single‐cell sequencing technologies, CAR‐T cell therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. By summarizing these developments, this review aims to enhance our understanding of the complexity interactions between innate and adaptive immunity and provides new perspectives in understanding the immune system.
