Antibiotic Prescriptions in Hospitalized Patients with an Exacerbation COPD and a Proven Influenza or RS Virus Infection

Abstract

Sigrid van Brummelen,1 Gerdien Tramper-Stranders,2 Kelly Jonkman,1 Geertje de Boer,1,3 Johannes in ’t Veen,1,3 Gert-Jan Braunstahl1,3 1Department of Pulmonology, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, 3045 PM, the Netherlands; 2Department of Pediatrics, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, 3045 PM, the Netherlands; 3Department of Pulmonology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, the NetherlandsCorrespondence: Sigrid van Brummelen, Department of Pulmonology, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Kleiweg 500, Rotterdam, 3045 PM, the Netherlands, Email [email protected]: COPD exacerbations (AE-COPD) add up to over 200,000 hospitalization days annually in the Netherlands. Viral respiratory infections play a role in about half of COPD exacerbations. Although the prevalence of bacterial superinfection is estimated 10– 40% in admitted AE-COPD patients with an influenza infection, the majority is treated with antibiotics. Current national and international guidelines provide limited guidance regarding antibiotic use in hospitalized patients with an AE-COPD with proven viral respiratory pathogens.Study Goal: We aimed to investigate antibiotic prescription in hospitalized patients with a COPD exacerbation and an influenza- or RS virus infection.Patients and methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in patients admitted with an AE-COPD and influenza- or RS virus infection. We compared clinical characteristics of patients with and without antibiotic treatment on admission and estimated adequacy of antibiotic prescriptions.Results: We included 134 patients. Seventy-nine (59%) received antibiotics on admission. Chest X-ray infiltrates and plasma CRP level (≥ 50 mg/L) were correlated with the prescription of antibiotics. Outcomes, such as number of hospitalized days and mortality, were not significantly different between the groups with and without antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic treatment was considered “probably adequate” in 52/79 (65.8%) patients; “not necessary” in 12/79 patients (15.2%) and “probably not necessary” in another 15/79 patients (19.0%).Conclusion: Prescription of antibiotics in hospitalized COPD patients is common practice despite a proven viral infection on admission. A significant antibiotic reduction of 34.2% in these patients seems feasible. Future guidelines should include recommendations regarding antibiotic stewardship in hospitalized patients with AE-COPD with a proven viral respiratory infection.Keywords: COPD, exacerbation, influenza virus, antibiotic treatment, RS virus

Keywords

• copd
• exacerbation
• influenza virus
• antibiotic treatment
• rs virus