Autoimmune Diseases: Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets
Xiaoshuang Song,
Hantian Liang,
Fang Nan,
Wenjing Chen,
Junyao Li,
Liu He,
Yiping Cun,
Zhenhong Li,
Wei Zhang,
Dunfang Zhang
Affiliations
Xiaoshuang Song
Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
Hantian Liang
Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
Fang Nan
Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
Wenjing Chen
Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
Junyao Li
Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
Liu He
Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
Yiping Cun
Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
Zhenhong Li
Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
Wei Zhang
Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
Dunfang Zhang
Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
ABSTRACT Autoimmune diseases are a set of disorders in which the immune system attacks one's own tissues, leading to chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and systemic dysfunction. Affecting approximately 10% of the global population, these diseases impose significant health and economic burdens worldwide. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is complex, involving not only genetic predisposition (e.g., human leukocyte antigen variants), environmental triggers (e.g., infections), and a dysregulated immune response but also various interacting components that contribute to the development of diverse clinical phenotypes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of common autoimmune diseases, covering their clinical manifestations, pathogenic mechanisms, and diagnostic approaches such as disease‐specific autoantibodies. We also explore current therapeutic strategies, including commonly used broad‐spectrum anti‐inflammatory drugs, recent molecular‐targeted therapies (e.g., Janus kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies), and emerging cellular therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy and regulatory T‐cell adoptive transfer. Incorporating knowledge from preclinical and clinical studies, this review synthesizes relevant information to inform about autoimmune diseases, bridge the gap from lab to clinic, and promote future advances through exploring precision medicine applications to meet clinical needs.
