Nauka ta progres transportu (Aug 2013)
Electric pulse treatment of welded joint of aluminum alloy
Abstract
Purpose. Explanation of the redistribution effect of residual strengthes after electric pulse treatment of ark welding seam of the aluminum alloy. Methodology. Alloy on the basis of aluminium of АК8М3 type served as the research material. As a result of mechanical treatment of the ingots after alloy crystallization the plates with 10 mm thickness were obtained. After edge preparation the elements, which are being connected were butt welded using the technology of semiautomatic argon arc welding by the electrode with a diameter of 3 mm of AK-5 alloy. Metal structure of the welded joint was examined under the light microscope at a magnification of 200 and under the scanning electronic microscope «JSM-6360 LA». The Rockwell hardness (HRF) was used as a strength characteristic of alloy. Hardness measuring of the phase constituents (microhardness) was carried out using the device PМТ-3, with the indenter loadings 5 and 10 g. The crystalline structure parameters of alloy (dislocation density, second kind of the crystalline grid distortion and the scale of coherent scattering regions) were determined using the methods of X-ray structural analysis. Electric pulse treatment (ET) was carried out on the special equipment in the conditions of the DS enterprise using two modes A and В. Findings. On the basis of researches the previously obtained microhardness redistribution effect in the area of welded connection after ET was confirmed. As a result of use of the indicated treatment it was determined not only the reduction of microhardness gradient but also the simultaneous hardening effect in the certain thermal affected areas near the welding seam. During study of chemical composition of phase constituents it was discovered, that the structural changes of alloy as a result of ET first of all are caused by the redistribution of chemical elements, which form the connections themselves. By the nature of the influence the indicated treatment can be comparable with the thermal softening technologies of metallic materials. Originality. The observed structural changes of alloy and related to them microhardness change in the areas near the welding seam after ET are conditioned by both the change of morphology of structural constituents and the redistribution of chemical elements. In case of invariability of chemical elements correlation in the phase constituents of alloy the reduction effect of gradient microhardness should be far less. Practical value. In practice, the negative effect of the wares embrittlement made using the casting technologies, excluding the pressure casting and quite difficult selection of chemical composition of alloy can be significantly reduced during the treatment of alloy with electric pulses.
