Molecular-Simulation–Inspired Synthesis of [6]-Prismane via Photoisomerisation of Octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophane

Abstract

Prismanes have been attracting interest for nearly 50 years because of their geometric symmetry, highly strained structures, and unique applications due to their high carbon densities and bulky structures. Although [3]-, [4]-, and [5]-prismanes have been synthesised, [6]-prismanes and their derivatives remain elusive. Herein, fluorine chemistry, molecular mechanics, molecular orbital package, and density functional theory calculations were used to design and implement the photoisomerisation of octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophane (selected based on the good overlap of its lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals and short distance between the benzene rings) into octafluoro-[6]-prismane. Specifically, a dilute solution of the above precursor in CH3CN/H2O/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (2:1:8, v/v/v) solution was irradiated with ultraviolet light, with the formation of the desired product confirmed through the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The product was thermally stable in solution but not under work-up conditions, which complicated the further analysis and single-crystal preparation. The key criteria for successful photoisomerisation were the presence of fluorine substituents in the cyclophane structure and DMSO in the solvent system. A more stable derivative design requires the isolation of prismane products. The proposed fluorination-based synthetic strategy is applicable to developing novel high-strain molecules/materials with three-dimensional skeletons.

Keywords

• prismane
• fluorine group
• cyclophane
• photoisomerisation
• molecular mechanics
• mopac